The kidneys are the pair of bean shaped organs on either side of the spine, below the ribs and behind the belly.

The job of kidney is to filter the blood. They remove waste, control the body fluid balance, and keep the right level of electrolytes. All the blood in your body passes through them several times a day.

Each kidney has a million of tiny filtering units called as nephrons. One could have only 10% of the kidney working, and you may not notice any symptoms or problems.

Nephrology is the medical specialty which addresses diseases of kidney function: these include Chronic kidney disease, Nephritic and Nephrotic syndromes, Acute kidney injury, and Pyelonephritis. Urology addresses diseases of kidney (and urinary tract) anatomy: these include cancer, renal cysts, kidney stones and Ureteral stones, and urinary tract obstruction.

The main function of kidney are as under

• Filtering waste products, excess water, and other impurities out of the blood.
• Regulating pH, salt, and potassium levels in the body.
• Regulating blood pressure and the production of red blood cells.
• Activating a form of vitamin D that enhances calcium absorption